Question 1
Answer: C
This metaphor is not particularly difficult to understand, however the options are all quite similar and actually fit the metaphor. Thus, we need to look at what exactly the final sentence is referencing. Those who spotted that this was a Grand Logic question will have been more likely to select the correct option.
The overly specific references in B, D and E are enough to remove them. The final sentence is clearly trying to summarise the overall view rather than make a reference to a specific argument made somewhere along the way. A is incorrect because it is actually factually inaccurate according to the author's argument. The author's position on schooling is clearly not that we should remove language lessons (in Welsh) from schools, they just posit suggestions such as the idea that we should not have compulsory language examinations.
That leaves us with C which is a fairly successful attempt to outline the author's main view!
Question 2
Answer: E
Option A is patently false, at no point is such an argument made. Equally, options C and E are true, but only reference a small part of the wider argument concerning the statistics (i.e. only referencing one statistic!), so we can remove those as well. Though B is not wrong as such, option E reflects the optimist text that we see above mixed with the desire for increased Welsh speaking in Wales. Easy!
Question 3
Answer: D
Option A is wrong because there was not even an implication that the author was in favour of Welsh independence (quite the contrary, actually). Similarly, B is incorrect because the implication is so strong as to be impossible - yes, the author did talk of historic injustices, but no, the author did not suggest that the people (today) were oppressed. E may have convinced a small number of you, but it is not an accurate implication from the text. The author dislikes compulsory exams, there is no opposition to the actual teaching of the subject.
Option C is quite convincing and will have fooled a larger number of you. However, if you check the text again you will notice that the author attributes European students' language abilities to the possibility for greater language immersion and not to the teaching in their schools. We are left quite conclusively with D which talks of the importance of increasing immersion and use of Welsh (which is with the aim of increasing speaking ability throughout the country).
Question 4
Answer: C
Option B is not a 'problem' it is just an 'opinion'. A is false because there is no attempt even to suggest that the author cares about the distinction between citizen and non-citizen. E is a tangential inference that is probably wrong anyway, the link between poor uptake of Welsh into further education is attributed to a lack of ability and result of being forced to sit exams that they are not good at and, as a result, do not enjoy. C and D and both correct, but the accurate bit of detail added into C makes it the more accurate response. Just note that the reference was to "English speakers" so it was completely different to option A.